1. Servo Motor  

   A rotary or linear actuator that allows for precise control of position, speed, and torque.  

  1. Torque  

   The force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. Torque in servo motors refers to the motor’s ability to produce rotational force.  

   – Synonym: Twisting force  

  1. RPM (Revolutions Per Minute)  

   A unit of rotational speed that indicates the number of full rotations a motor makes in one minute.  

   – Synonym: Rotational speed  

  1. Encoder  

   A sensor that provides feedback to the servo motor’s control system about the position, speed, and rotation direction.  

   – Synonym: Position sensor  

  1. Backlash  

   The slack or lost motion in a mechanical system caused by gaps between moving parts, which can affect servo motor accuracy.  

   – Synonym: Play  

  1. Closed-loop System  

   A servo system where the output is continuously monitored and adjusted based on feedback to maintain precise control.  

   – Synonym: Feedback system  

  1. Open-loop System  

   A servo system that operates without feedback, so the control is not adjusted based on the motor’s actual performance.  

   – Synonym: Non-feedback system  

  1. PID Controller (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller)  

   A control loop mechanism that uses feedback to control variables like speed or position in servo motors.  

  1. Stator  

   The stationary part of a motor, housing the coils that generate a magnetic field when current is applied.  

  1. Rotor  

    The rotating part of a motor that is acted upon by the magnetic field produced by the stator.  

  1. Commutation  

    The process of switching the current in motor windings to maintain torque production in an electric motor.  

    – Synonym: Switching  

  1. Brushless DC Motor (BLDC)  

    A type of motor that uses electronic commutation (instead of brushes) to drive the motor, increasing efficiency and reducing wear.  

    – Synonym: N/A  

  1. Brushed DC Motor  

    A motor that uses mechanical brushes to commutate the motor windings, leading to more wear and tear compared to brushless motors.  

    – Synonym: N/A  

  1. Linear Actuator  

    A type of actuator that creates motion in a straight line rather than rotational movement.  

    – Synonym: Linear motor  

  1. Stepping Motor / Stepper Motor  

    A motor that moves in discrete steps, allowing for precise control of position without requiring feedback.  

    – Synonym: N/A  

  1. Feedback  

    Information sent from the motor to the control system, allowing adjustments to maintain the desired operation (e.g., position, speed).  

    – Synonym: Monitoring signal  

  1. Resolution  

    The smallest movement increment that a servo motor can detect and respond to, often determined by the encoder.  

    – Synonym: Precision  

  1. Duty Cycle  

    The ratio of the time a motor is on to the total operating time, expressed as a percentage.  

    – Synonym: On-time ratio  

  1. Inertia  

    The resistance of an object to changes in its motion. In motors, this refers to the resistance to acceleration or deceleration.  

    – Synonym: Mass moment of inertia  

  1. Hysteresis  

    The lag between the input and output of a system, often seen in the difference between forward and reverse operation of motors.  

    – Synonym: Lag  

  1. Inductance  

    The property of an electrical conductor that causes a voltage to be generated in response to a change in current.  

  1. Capacitance  

    The ability of a system to store electrical charge. In servo motors, capacitance can affect power delivery.  

  1. Shaft  

    The rotating element that transmits power in a motor.  

    – Synonym: Axle  

  1. Flange  

    A flat or projecting rim used to attach a motor to a mounting surface or another device.  

    – Synonym: Mounting plate  

  1. Peak Torque  

    The maximum torque that a motor can produce for a short duration without damage.  

    – Synonym: Maximum torque  

  1. Continuous Torque  

    The maximum torque a motor can produce continuously without overheating.  

    – Synonym: Sustained torque  

  1. Nominal Voltage  

    The voltage at which a motor is designed to operate optimally.  

    – Synonym: Rated voltage  

  1. Power Rating  

    The maximum amount of power a motor can handle before overheating or failing.  

    – Synonym: Rated power  

  1. Friction  

    The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another, which can affect motor performance.  

    – Synonym: Drag  

  1. Magnetic Field  

    The field around a magnet or current-carrying conductor where magnetic forces are exerted, essential for motor operation.  

    – Synonym: Electromagnetic field  

  1. Poles  

    The number of magnetic poles in a motor, which affects the motor’s speed and torque.  

    – Synonym: Magnetic poles  

  1. Brushes  

    Components in a brushed DC motor that conduct current between stationary wires and moving parts.  

    – Synonym: Contactors  

  1. Commutator  

    A rotary switch in a brushed motor that periodically reverses the current direction in the windings.  

    – Synonym: Electrical switch  

  1. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)  

    A technique used to control motor speed by varying the width of the pulses in a signal.  

    – Synonym: Pulse control  

  1. Cogging  

    A form of mechanical resistance felt when rotating the motor’s shaft due to magnetic attraction between the rotor and stator.  

    – Synonym: Magnetic resistance